Illicit drug markets differ rein two key ways: monopolies and duopolies dominate and they suffer from asymmetric information problems, with buyers lacking information about the quality or content of products [41].
Where fentanyl testing is not routine rein postmortem toxicology, or an unusual or novel analogue is involved, these occurrences may go undetected.
When sold as heroin, at least rein the United States, indications are that the same price is charged mit hilfe unit sold as if it were heroin, unsurprising if the intention is to deceive retail sellers and buyers into thinking they are trading heroin. Hinein markets such as Estonia, where fentanyl is sold under its own name, insufficient evidence exists to show whether users are buying it due to preference or simply as a substitute amid a heroin shortage [40].
If producers see a high demand for heroin and are substituting heroin with fentanyl as a cheaper, inferior product but are marketing it falsely as heroin, then fentanyl is not demand-led in this sense.
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Fentanyl self-testing outside supervised injection settings to prevent opioid overdose: do we know enough to promote it?
According to the report, most of this fentanyl originates rein China. China has cracked down on fentanyl and some of its subtypes, or analogues, but the online dealers often tweak the formulas of their drugs slightly to stay ahead of bans.
In sum, after purchase, a portion of experienced heroin users can probably determine with some accuracy that what they are using is not heroin and that it is an opioid, perhaps fentanyl, but it is less likely that they can determine which fentanyl analogue or other synthetic opioid it actually is.
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The report recommends that all international packages Ausgangspunkt to include what they call “advanced electronic data”—special information on Schankraum codes that could help flag drug-bearing packages for postal workers.
Jon Zibbell, a public-health analyst at RTI International, said that the sale of many different types of fentanyl can increase the risk of overdose.
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Die Dosierung ist selbst An dieser stelle schwer erziehbar zumal schon eine geringe Posten von etwa alle zwei Milligramm kann tödlich sein.
Information-sharing between buyers regarding drug availability and quality can differ depending on the Durchschuss of market hinein which drugs are sold. A wide range of Verteilung methods flourish hinein illicit drug sales.